Flipped Learning Activity Instructions: Gun Island by Amitav Ghosh
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Hello, readers!
This blog is part of a flipped learning activity centered on Amitav Ghosh's novel Gun Island. The activity is designed to help us delve deeper into the novel by engaging with video lessons, thematic analysis, and reflective writing. Through video lectures curated by Prof. Dilip Barad and guided tasks, we explore the novel’s complex narrative, vivid characters, and thought-provoking themes like climate change, migration, and the connection between myth and history. This immersive approach offers valuable insights into the intricate world Ghosh has created.
Visit the blog for the background of the activity: Teacher's Blog
Worksheets for Flipped Classroom Activities
The novel Gun Island presents a fascinating comparison between books and mobile technology, emphasizing their distinct roles in connecting people and sharing stories.
Books, as shown through the Gun Merchant’s encounter with Manasa Devi, hold the timeless ability to transport readers into historical and mythical realms. The illuminated palm-leaf manuscript mentioned in the novel serves as a link to ancient cultures, preserving myths like the tale of Bonduki Sadagar. This legend, passed down through oral traditions and written texts, blurs the line between reality and the metaphysical, showcasing how books nurture human imagination and keep cultural memories alive.
On the other hand, mobile technology represents the immediacy of modern communication. Piya’s use of her mobile phone and Internet telephony enables instant connections, such as arranging the Sundarbans trip with Deen. Similarly, mobile phones help Cinta, Tipu, and Rafi exchange vital information, facilitating pivotal moments like their meetings in Venice.
This contrast highlights their unique functions: books interpret the past, deepening our understanding of history and myths, while mobile technology bridges distances, fostering real-time connections in a globalized world. Together, they demonstrate how traditional and modern storytelling coexist, enriching our collective experience.
6. Tell me something about Amitav Ghosh’s novel Gun Island in 100 words.
Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island is a compelling tale that intertwines folklore, climate change, and migration. The novel follows Deen Datta, a rare book dealer, as he unravels the legend of the Gun Merchant, traveling through Bengal, Venice, and Los Angeles. By seamlessly connecting the past with the present, the narrative sheds light on ecological and human crises, emphasizing the intricate ties between history and modern challenges.
Ghosh explores how ancient myths continue to echo in today’s world, weaving a rich tapestry of diverse characters, cultures, and pressing environmental concerns. The novel vividly portrays humanity’s delicate relationship with nature, highlighting the urgent need for collective action to address global issues. Through its multi-layered narrative, Gun Island offers a thought-provoking reflection on the interconnectedness of human and ecological histories.
7. What is the central theme of Amitav Ghosh’s novel ‘Gun Island’?
The central theme of Gun Island is the profound interconnectedness between human lives and the natural world. Amitav Ghosh explores this connection by addressing critical issues such as climate change, migration, and cultural memory. By intertwining folklore with environmental narratives, the novel underscores the urgency of viewing ecological crises as inseparable from historical and social contexts. Ghosh’s storytelling invites readers to reflect on how the past informs the present, emphasizing the need for collective awareness and responsibility in confronting global challenges.
Worksheet 2
1. Write 10-12 words about climate change in the novel. Mention number of times they recur.
2. Explain the title of the novel.
The title Gun Island refers to "Bonduk-dwip," a mythical place central to the legend of the Gun Merchant. This island symbolizes both refuge and survival, yet the novel emphasizes that no place is immune to the forces of nature, as highlighted by the ecological crises in the Sundarbans.
The title also alludes to global trade histories, with "Venedig" (German for Venice) symbolizing Venice’s historical significance as a hub for commerce, including the trade of gunpowder and other goods. The mention of "hazelnut" evokes the shape of bullets, connecting to the Gun Merchant’s tale and the trade networks of that era.
Through this layered title, Ghosh captures the interwoven themes of myth, migration, and the far-reaching consequences of environmental change, offering a powerful reflection on humanity’s shared past and present challenges.
3.Match the characters with the reasons for migration
4. Match the theorist with the theoretical approach to study mythology.
Humanism, Eurocentrism, and Posthuman Ideas in Gun Island
Humanism, a philosophy that places humans at the center of knowledge and reasoning, is closely linked to Eurocentrism. This worldview, shaped by thinkers like Descartes, separates humans from animals and sees them as opposites. In colonial times, this belief was used to demean colonized people, comparing them to animals or instinct-driven beings. Postcolonial literature often critiques this mindset and seeks to restore suppressed voices and cultures. Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island reflects this resistance by revisiting a native myth, the story of the "Gun Merchant," to challenge European dominance and rationality.
The Concept of ‘Animality’ and Its Roots in Eurocentrism
The term ‘animal’ gained prominence with Descartes’ philosophy, which claimed that only humans possess rational thought, while animals function as instinct-driven machines or “bête-machines.” Before this, the West used broader terms like ‘creature’ to include humans, animals, and even spiritual beings within a single cosmology. Descartes’ ideas created a divide, elevating humans while labeling animals and, by extension, colonized people as inferior.
This division supported the growth of Eurocentric humanism, an ideology that placed Europe at the center of progress and civilization. Philosophers like Hegel and Husserl reinforced this idea, presenting Europe as the standard of reason and culture. Colonized societies were dismissed as backward or irrational in this framework.
Posthumanism and Resistance to Eurocentrism
Posthumanism questions human-centered thinking, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all living beings and the limitations of human dominance. It aligns with postcolonial efforts to revive marginalized cultures and myths. Ghosh’s Gun Island can be seen as a posthuman critique of Eurocentric humanism, offering a narrative that values indigenous knowledge and traditions.
Reviving Native Myths in Gun Island
The novel begins with the word bundook (gun), immediately setting a native tone. The story revolves around the myth of the Gun Merchant, a cultural narrative that colonialism often overlooked or dismissed. These myths, once deemed unimportant, are reclaimed as symbols of resistance and identity.
The protagonist, Deen, reconnects with his roots during a journey to the Sundarbans. Stripped of his modern belongings like his phone and wallet, Deen is forced to rely on local knowledge and traditions. In the Sundarbans, his Western education holds little value, and he begins to see the importance of indigenous ways of understanding the world.
One significant moment occurs when Rafi, a local boy, helps Deen interpret the symbols in the Gun Merchant’s shrine. Rafi’s deep connection to native myths challenges the dominance of Western logic and highlights the richness of alternative worldviews.
The Sundarbans: A Space of Resistance
The Sundarbans serve as a symbolic space where colonial ideas of rationality are challenged. This mysterious and myth-filled landscape disrupts hierarchical systems of knowledge and celebrates indigenous traditions. It becomes a place where suppressed voices are not only preserved but also celebrated, providing a powerful critique of Eurocentric humanism.
Conclusion
Through Gun Island, Ghosh revives forgotten myths and emphasizes the value of indigenous knowledge. By blending postcolonial critique with posthuman ideas, the novel challenges rigid distinctions like human versus animal and rational versus irrational. It calls for a broader understanding of the world, one that includes diverse cultural perspectives and recognizes the interconnectedness of all life forms.
6. Suggest research possibilities in Amitav Ghosh’s novel Gun Island.
1.Venice and Global Trade in "Gun Island" -Research the significance of Venice as a hub for global trade in the novel and its connection to the themes of migration and interconnected histories.
2.Human-Animal Relationships in "Gun Island" -Investigate the novel’s portrayal of human-animal relationships, focusing on characters like Rafi, and how these relationships challenge traditional human-animal distinctions.
3.Language, Memory, and Colonial Erasure in "Gun Island" -Study the role of language in preserving cultural memory, particularly how words like bundook bridge cultural divides and challenge colonial erasure.
4.Gender Dynamics and Power in "Gun Island" -Explore the representation of gender in Gun Island, focusing on how female characters like Piya and Cinta navigate migration, science, and cultural heritage.
7. Generate a sonnet on Gun Island.
On Gun Island, where the tides do rise,
A tale unfolds, where myths and lives entwine.
Through Sundarbans, beneath the shifting skies,
A journey winds through time’s uncertain line.
The Gun Merchant’s legend calls the past,
With echoes deep of trade and loss and fear.
Yet in the flood, the present seems to last,
As nature weeps and cries, the end is near.
In Venice, far from shores of shifting sand,
The threads of history stretch far and wide,
While migration sweeps across the land,
The past and future both in constant stride.
Through climate’s change, we search for truth and light,
On Gun Island, where myths and worlds unite.
8. Write Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):
1. What does the title Gun Island refer to?
a. A land of palm trees
b. A mythical place tied to a legend
c. Bonduk-dwip, a refuge of the Gun Merchant
d. A place of battles
2. What is the primary theme of Gun Island?
a. Climate change and human displacement
b. Romantic relationships
c. Economic trade
d. Political uprisings
3. Who is the central protagonist of Gun Island?
a. Kanai Dutt
b. Piya Roy
c. Dinanath (Deen)
d. Tipu
4. Which location plays a critical role in the legend of the Gun Merchant?
a. Venice
b. Sundarbans
c. Los Angeles
d. Kolkata
5. How does Piya primarily communicate with Deen during the novel?
a. Letters
b. Face-to-face conversations
c. Mobile phone and internet telephony
d. Video calls
9. Write Hindi & English translation of 5 Italian words from the novel.
Video 1: Characters and Summary - Gun Island | Sundarbans | Amitav Ghosh
The videos offer an in-depth analysis of Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island, exploring key themes like colonialism, cultural identity, mythology, and humanity’s connection to nature. The story follows Deen Datta, the main character, who starts as a skeptical, Westernized individual but undergoes a transformation as he reconnects with his roots, facing myths, migration, and environmental crises. Characters like Nilima Bose, who are grounded in history and culture, exemplify the fusion of myth, history, and reason, highlighting their interconnections.
Cinta, another character, brings a Western academic viewpoint that contrasts with Deen's Eastern heritage, showcasing the tension between rational thought and storytelling. Other characters, such as migrant workers and those impacted by climate change, represent marginalized voices often overlooked in global discussions. The interactions between characters emphasize the conflict between tradition and modernity, the East and the West, and humanity’s complex relationship with the environment.
The videos also explore the role of myths in shaping the characters’ actions and beliefs, incorporating Freudian psychology to examine repressed desires and societal taboos. Deen’s evolution is tied to his engagement with cultural myths, representing a shift from individualism to a broader sense of collective responsibility.
The speaker covers a variety of topics, beginning with how modern technologies like online payments and digital communication have transformed daily life, linking these advancements to cultural and environmental issues, such as those in the Sundarbans, as discussed in Gun Island. They address India’s social and economic challenges, particularly the struggles of women and marginalized groups dealing with unemployment and financial hardship. Other themes include personal difficulties, emotional issues, health, relationships, and the adaptation to societal changes. The speaker also touches on natural disasters, education, cultural traditions, and the balance between science and culture. While some ideas, such as school life or mobile phones, may seem disconnected, the overarching theme remains the complexity of human existence and the importance of community in confronting these challenges, reflecting key themes from Gun Island.
Video 2 : Characters and Summary - Gun Island | USA | Amitav Ghosh
The story delves into profound themes of memory, identity, and human consciousness, exploring how both rational and irrational experiences contribute to our understanding of the world. It begins by contemplating the significance of memory and how past voices and dreams influence current identity. The speaker stresses that both rational and irrational thoughts are crucial in interpreting life's events, asserting that irrational ideas hold equal value as rational ones.
As the narrative unfolds, it shifts focus to climate change, particularly the increasing threat of wildfires, which are depicted as a danger impacting even wealthy areas like Los Angeles. The speaker underscores that no one, regardless of their affluence, is immune to environmental catastrophes. A character named Lisa, who warns about the dangers of wildfires, faces severe opposition, echoing the historical persecution of individuals during witch hunts. The wildfires serve as a metaphor for the broader devastation of nature and the urgent need to confront environmental issues.
The story also explores historical themes, especially in Venice, where the speaker discusses the origins of the term "ghetto," linked to the production of weapons. The connection between language, culture, and history is examined, illustrating how words and their meanings evolve over time. The narrative traces cultural exchanges from Venice to places like Turkey, Egypt, and India, highlighting the flow of ideas and trade between different civilizations.
As the plot progresses, the story turns to migration and personal loss. A character named Jesus and his partner adopt two refugee children, demonstrating their commitment to progressive ideals. The narrative further explores the migration experiences of people from Bangladesh and India, focusing on their struggles. The tragic death of a father and daughter under mysterious circumstances adds another emotional layer to the story, with the daughter feeling a deep bond to her deceased loved one.
In essence, the narrative intertwines themes of environmental issues, historical context, migration, personal grief, and identity. It emphasizes how past experiences, both individual and collective, shape the present and future, urging readers to reflect on the intricate relationship between memory, identity, and the world around us.
Video 3 : Summary - Part 2: Venice | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh
This video discusses the central themes of Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island, focusing on the protagonist Dinanath's journey and the larger environmental and social issues addressed in the novel. The story begins with Dinanath traveling from Brooklyn to Kolkata, and then to Venice, where he learns about the historical significance of Mansa Devi and the gun merchant. Venice serves as a key metaphor in the narrative, with the city representing cultural and historical decay, and its connection to Varanasi is explored, highlighting themes of mortality and spiritual meaning.
In the second part of the story, the novel delves into significant themes such as human-animal relationships, migration, environmental crises, and exploitation. The narrative examines the interdependence of humans, animals, and nature, symbolized by the appearance of a spider that links climate change and environmental harm. It also addresses human trafficking, particularly migrant labor, and the exploitation faced by individuals both in their home countries and in foreign cities like Venice.
As Dinanath's journey progresses, he encounters several characters, including Rafi, Lubna Khala, and Piyali, who represent the struggles of marginalized groups. The novel critiques the modern-day forms of slavery and exploitation, particularly in the context of illegal migration and human rights abuses. It also brings attention to environmental issues such as pollution, wildfires, and the rising sea levels that threaten to submerge cities like Venice by 2050. Ghosh critiques the exploitation of natural resources and the environmental damage caused by industrial growth.
Towards the end, the story takes a more mystical and philosophical turn, with characters like Chinta and Dinanath contemplating the relationship between belief and science. As they explore Venice, they witness the decay of the city's wooden foundations, symbolizing both the fragility of Venice and the larger environmental threats posed by climate change.
In Gun Island, Ghosh explores themes of capitalism, climate change, and societal disregard for scientific warnings. The narrative contrasts the greed of individuals with the urgent environmental issues, similar to the anti-scientific critiques seen in films like Don't Look Up. As characters face catastrophic events, they reflect on their past, and themes of mysticism and protection emerge. The novel also touches on the struggles of migrants, with Chinta’s death symbolizing mortality and the vulnerability of individual agency. Ghosh critiques the role of modern technology in shaping unattainable dreams, blending myth and reality as characters navigate perilous sea journeys.
Thematic Study
Video 1 : Etymological Mystery
The lecture begins by exploring the Bengali term "Bonduki Sadagar," often translated as "The Gun Merchant," and its connection to the title of Amitav Ghosh's 'Gun Island'. It delves into the linguistic and historical layers of the word "Gun," demonstrating that its meaning extends beyond merely referencing firearms. The word's etymology is traced, revealing how its significance has evolved over time. This exploration of language deepens the understanding of the novel’s themes, offering readers a richer interpretation of the story. Through this linguistic analysis, the lecture shows how Ghosh uses etymology to add depth to the narrative, urging readers to reflect on the role of language and history in shaping the novel.
The term "Bonduki" itself is derived from the Arabic word "al-Bunduqeyya," which was historically used to describe Venice. This name originated from Venice’s production of small spherical pellets resembling hazelnuts, known as "bunduq" in Arabic. Therefore, "Bonduki Sadagar" could be more accurately translated as "The Merchant of Venice" rather than "The Gun Merchant." This etymological insight uncovers the intricate relationships between language, trade, and cross-cultural exchanges. By revealing this linguistic history, the lecture emphasizes how Ghosh weaves etymology into his storytelling, prompting readers to appreciate the novel's exploration of interconnectedness and cultural blending.
Video 2 : Part I - Historification of Myth & Mythification of History
In Gun Island, Amitav Ghosh skillfully bridges the past and present by blending myth and history. The novel draws from the Bengali folktale of "Bonduki Sadagar" (the Gun Merchant), a story about a merchant seeking to escape the wrath of the serpent goddess, Manasa Devi. Ghosh explores this myth through a historical lens, connecting it to themes of trade, migration, and survival. By placing the myth in real locations such as Venice and the Sundarbans, Ghosh transforms it into a narrative about human resilience and the social and economic pressures that drive people to migrate and engage with diverse cultures.
Moreover, Ghosh intertwines modern issues such as climate change, forced migration, and environmental degradation with the ancient myth. As the protagonist, Deen, uncovers how the tale of the Gun Merchant relates to contemporary concerns, the novel demonstrates how myths can offer insights into current global challenges. The recurring symbols of snakes, storms, and human displacement reflect nature's response to human actions, blending history and myth in a way that underscores the relevance of ancient stories in addressing today's crises. This fusion highlights the ongoing evolution of myths, showing that they are not just relics of the past but continue to resonate with the issues humanity faces in the present.
Video 3: Part II - Historification of Myth and Mythification of History
In Gun Island, the myth of Chand Saudagar and Mansa Devi, a staple of Bengali folklore, sets the foundation for the novel’s exploration of rituals and their deep connection to myth. Rituals, like pilgrimages to sacred sites, carry the essence of these myths and serve as protective practices. Ghosh uses the term "Dhaam" to refer to these sacred locations, emphasizing their significance in people’s lives. The Char Dhaam Yatra is a prime example of such rituals, where pilgrims are welcomed along their journey, underscoring the spiritual and communal aspects of these travels.
Dinanath’s own journey, in contrast, is marked by physical and emotional struggles, particularly in the challenging landscape of the Sundarbans. These hardships reflect the simplicity and endurance of spiritual journeys, where each difficulty is part of a greater search for meaning. In the novel, spirituality serves as a bridge between humanity and nature, with figures like Ilyas and Mansa Devi symbolizing the natural world itself. Nature’s influence on human decisions is apparent throughout the story, shaping characters' choices and their quest for a better life, both financially and personally.
The novel also delves into the 17th century, a period marked by natural disasters and extraordinary events. This historical context is referenced in a seminar in Los Angeles, where a scholar discusses how calamities are often seen as a manifestation of human anger towards nature. This concept connects present-day issues, such as climate change and pandemics, to historical events, illustrating how imagination and reality intertwine over time.
Additionally, Gun Island touches on the relationship between humans and nature, particularly through the symbolism of sacred groves where communities live in harmony with their environment. This connection reflects the concept of Sanskritization, where cultural norms evolve alongside the human-nature relationship. The novel offers more than just a story—it provides a deeper understanding of the world’s universal structure. It also demonstrates how myths evolve, drawing a parallel to Amish's reinterpretation of Sita in his Ramayan, where she is depicted as a strong, warrior-like figure, challenging traditional views and showing the dynamic nature of cultural narratives.
Video 4 : Part III - Historification of Myth and Mythification of History
A structuralist reading of Gun Island by Amitav Ghosh uncovers the intricate ways in which myths, relationships, and themes are woven together to enrich the novel’s narrative. The conversations between Dinanath Datta (Deen) and Kanai Dutt highlight the clash between belief and rationality. Kanai, embodying a colonial mindset, refers to Deen as "Dinu," a nickname that Deen finds dismissive. This subtle exchange underscores the tension between their differing worldviews, reflecting a broader conflict between the modern, rational perspective and the more mystical, belief-driven approach.
The novel also juxtaposes Nilima Bose’s grounded, practical approach to social work with the myth of Mansa Devi, illustrating how folklore shapes cultural identities and memories. While Nilima is practical in her approach to solving real-world problems like climate change and migration, she still acknowledges the importance of myths in understanding these issues. The myth of Mansa Devi, with its themes of anger and reconciliation, symbolizes the complex relationship between human actions and nature’s responses. As Deen reflects, “The goddess’s anger wasn’t just a punishment; it was a warning, a demand for balance,” showing how the myth serves as both a cautionary tale and a reflection of environmental imbalance.
The novel’s structure is enriched by the interactions between Piyali, Deen, and Cinta. Piya, a marine scientist, represents the rationality of scientific research and environmental advocacy, while Cinta, a Venetian historian, links the past with the present. Their dialogue illustrates how myths, history, and science can converge to address global challenges like migration and climate change. Cinta’s remark, “What you call myth is often the truest history, recorded in a language we have forgotten,” suggests that understanding history through myth can offer profound insights into contemporary issues. This dynamic underscores the idea that the past, present, and future are interconnected, and that exploring one can illuminate the others.
Deen’s psychological journey in the novel reflects the struggle between logic and the power of folklore and nature. Initially dismissive of the myth of Bonduki Sadagar, Deen is eventually forced to confront strange events that challenge his rational beliefs. He acknowledges, “The world is not as orderly as I imagined. There are cracks, fissures, where the past leaks through.” The myth of Mansa Devi becomes a symbol of humanity’s collective guilt and anxiety over environmental destruction, with the goddess’s anger reflecting the psychological burden humanity bears for exploiting nature.
The novel also delves into the emotional consequences of migration. Characters like Tipu exemplify the trauma of displacement and isolation in a rapidly changing world. Tipu’s restless behavior embodies the internal scars left by forced migration, echoing Freud’s concept of the "unheimlich"—the feeling of alienation even in familiar surroundings. Through Piya and Cinta, the novel explores the need to reconcile past trauma with present realities. Piya’s dedication to marine conservation can be seen as an attempt to transform personal loss into meaningful action, while Cinta’s historical work reveals her unconscious drive to connect modern chaos with the continuity of history, seeking solace in the cyclical nature of time and events.
Video 5 : "Climate Change | The Great Derangement | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh"
In this video lecture, the focus is on Amitav Ghosh’s exploration of climate change and its portrayal in literature, particularly through his novel Gun Island. The lecture examines Ghosh's concept of "The Great Derangement," a term he uses to critique how contemporary literature often neglects or fails to address the pressing issue of climate change. This "derangement" refers to the gap in storytelling where environmental crises are left out of mainstream narratives, despite their urgent significance.
The lecture also illustrates how Gun Island serves as Ghosh’s response to this literary shortcoming. By blending mythology with modern-day concerns, Ghosh brings climate change to the forefront, highlighting its tangible impact on people's lives, particularly in terms of migration and displacement. The protagonist, Dinanath, embarks on a journey that mirrors the uncertainty and upheaval many face today due to environmental factors. The lecture underscores Ghosh’s call for a shift in literary approach, urging writers to create stories that address climate change in a more direct and impactful way. It encourages both readers and writers to engage with the environmental challenges that are increasingly shaping our world.
Video 6: Migration | Human Trafficking | Refugee Crisis
In this video lecture, the focus is on the concept of helping others, particularly in times of crisis such as migration. The lecture explores how migration can challenge national identities and the sense of belonging, revealing that, rather than prioritizing the needs of those suffering, people often place their own interests first. This prompts reflection on our own selfish tendencies and our responses to the suffering of others.
The discussion then moves on to topics like migration, human trafficking, and the refugee crisis, intertwining personal narratives and folklore with these pressing global issues. In 'Gun Island', migration is portrayed not just as the movement of people, but as a reaction to deep-rooted crises driven by social instability, economic inequality, and climate change.
Characters like Tipu and Rafi exemplify the perilous journeys many people undertake to escape poverty and environmental devastation, seeking a better life. Their stories mirror the harsh realities faced by countless migrants who risk everything to cross borders, often falling prey to human trafficking. The novel also explores displacement caused by environmental destruction and rising sea levels, tying into the broader refugee crisis. By linking the myth of the Gun Merchant to contemporary migrations, Ghosh emphasizes that migration is a recurring issue, both in the present day and throughout history.
The students of Department of English also gave presentation on the Gun Island. Here you cam see that.....
Citation :
Barad, Dilip. “Flipped Learning Activity Instructions: Gun Island by Amitav Ghosh.” ResearchGate, Jan. 2025, www.researchgate.net/publication/388143893_Flipped_Learning_Activity_Instructions_Gun_Island_by_Amitav_Ghosh.DoE-MKBU. “Characters and Summary - 1 | Sundarbans | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh.” YouTube, 17 Jan. 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wn70pnUIK1Y.---. “Characters and Summary - 2 | USA | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh.” YouTube, 17 Jan. 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiYLTn7cWm8.---. “Climate Change | the Great Derangement | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh.” YouTube, 21 Jan. 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_3tD4voebA.---. “Etymological Mystery | Title of the Novel | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh.” YouTube, 19 Jan. 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Yg5RmjBlTk.---. “Migration | Human Trafficking | Refugee Crisis | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh.” YouTube, 21 Jan. 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLeskjjZRzI.---. “Part I - Historification of Myth and Mythification of History | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh.” YouTube, 21 Jan. 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBLsFEKLGd0.---. “Part II | Historification of Myth and Mythification of History | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh.” YouTube, 23 Jan. 2023, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZP2HerbJ5-g.---. “Part III - Historification of Myth and Mythification of History | Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh.” YouTube, 23 Jan. 2023, www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVLqxT_mUCg.---. “Summary - 3 | Venice | Part 2 of Gun Island | Amitav Ghosh.” YouTube, 18 Jan. 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=8F3n_rrRG9M.
Ghosh, Amitav. Gun Island: A Novel. 2019.
Ghosh, Amitav. Gun Island: A Novel. 2019.
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